Serbia's role in the Balkans, particularly post-Yugoslavia breakup in the 1990s, has been marked by ethnic conflicts and political complexities. The tensions in Kosovo, with its predominantly ethnic Albanian population, led to the Kosovo War in 1999 and continue to influence regional stability. Despite efforts towards stabilisation and aspirations to join the European Union, Serbia's enduring ties with the Russian Federation have been a source of tension in the Balkans.

Under the leadership of figures like Aleksandar Vucic, a former member of the Milosevic regime, Serbia faces challenges in its political landscape. The country's constitutional claim over Kosovo, which has declared independence and received international recognition, further complicates the regional dynamics. These factors contribute to Serbia's unique position, combining a rich cultural heritage with significant ongoing political developments.